2 questions

You have to wait until the Collect Income phase.

Welcome, Grenland!

You can’t load transports in a hostile sea zone.  You can read this under the transports unit description on the last page of the rules.

Yes.

In that case, any hits scored by the fighters have to be assigned to the AC.  The only units that can hit the subs are the cruisers and that is only if the subs decided not to submerge.  Plus they would get their suprise strike.  They can submerge because there is no enemy destroyer.  Basically, destroyers are anti-sub units.  Also, remember that hits scored by subs can never be assigned to aircraft.

@ShadowHAwk:

Would it not be much better and simpler to state that every move should be possible before combat is rolled?
To avoid these cheesy situations. It takes the carrier the whole turn to move 2 spots so if it does not start sailing the same time the fighters would launch they would not survive anyway.

That will severely hinder some of the tactical & strategic aspects of battles and planning and remove alot of the surprises from the game.  Regardless of how a battle turns out, one of my favorite aspects of the game is the surprise move or act of desperation that wasn’t expected or accounted for.  I’m satisfied that you can’t send your planes on a one way trip, but you CAN send them on a potentially suicidal mission.

Short answer: Yes

Long answer: Yes you can  :-D

I concur (since that is what it states in the rule book).  :-D

These answers are correct.