Allies (+16) vs. Axis (darkskies) Coop

[Arthur Bomber Harris]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: World War II Global 1940 2nd Edition, version: 3.9

Game History

Round: 1

Purchase Units - Italians
            Italians buy nothing; Remaining resources: 10 PUs;

Combat Move - Italians
            1 armour moved from Albania to Yugoslavia
            1 infantry moved from Albania to Yugoslavia
            1 infantry moved from Northern Italy to Southern France
            1 artillery moved from Northern Italy to Southern France
            1 infantry moved from Northern Italy to Southern France
            1 artillery moved from Northern Italy to Southern France
            1 armour moved from Northern Italy to Yugoslavia
            1 cruiser, 1 destroyer, 1 submarine and 1 transport moved from 95 Sea Zone to 97 Sea Zone
            2 fighters moved from Southern Italy to 97 Sea Zone
            1 bomber moved from Northern Italy to 97 Sea Zone
            1 artillery and 1 infantry moved from Libya to Tunisia
            1 armour and 1 mech_infantry moved from Tobruk to Tunisia
            1 infantry moved from Italian Somaliland to British Somaliland
                  Italians take British Somaliland from British
            1 infantry moved from Ethiopia to Anglo Egyptian Sudan
                  Italians take Anglo Egyptian Sudan from British
            1 artillery and 1 infantry moved from Ethiopia to Kenya
                  Italians take Kenya from British

Combat - Italians
            Battle in Yugoslavia
                Italians attack with 2 armour and 1 infantry
                Neutral_Allies defend with 1 infantry
                Italians win, taking Yugoslavia from Neutral_Allies with 2 armour and 1 infantry remaining. Battle score for attacker is 3
                Casualties for Neutral_Allies: 1 infantry
            Battle in Southern France
                Italians attack with 2 artilleries and 2 infantry
                French defend with 1 artillery, 1 factory_minor, 1 harbour and 1 infantry
                Italians win, taking Southern France from French with 2 artilleries remaining. Battle score for attacker is 1
                Casualties for French: 1 artillery and 1 infantry
                Casualties for Italians: 2 infantry
            Battle in Tunisia
                Italians attack with 1 armour, 1 artillery, 1 infantry and 1 mech_infantry
                French defend with 1 infantry
                Italians win, taking Tunisia from French with 1 armour, 1 artillery, 1 infantry and 1 mech_infantry remaining. Battle score for attacker is 3
                Casualties for French: 1 infantry
            Battle in 97 Sea Zone
                Italians attack with 1 bomber, 1 cruiser, 1 destroyer, 2 fighters, 1 submarine and 1 transport
                British defend with 1 carrier, 1 destroyer and 1 fighter
                Italians win, taking 97 Sea Zone from British with 1 bomber, 1 cruiser, 1 destroyer, 2 fighters and 1 transport remaining. Battle score for attacker is 28
                Casualties for British: 1 carrier, 1 destroyer and 1 fighter
                Casualties for Italians: 1 submarine

Non Combat Move - Italians
            1 bomber moved from 97 Sea Zone to Southern Italy
            1 fighter moved from 97 Sea Zone to Southern Italy
            1 fighter moved from 97 Sea Zone to Southern Italy
            1 infantry moved from Albania to Bulgaria
                  Italians take Bulgaria from Neutral_Axis
            1 aaGun moved from Northern Italy to Yugoslavia
            1 aaGun moved from Northern Italy to Yugoslavia
            2 aaGuns and 6 infantry moved from Southern Italy to Northern Italy

Turn Complete - Italians
            Total Cost from Convoy Blockades: 3
                Rolling for Convoy Blockade Damage in 93 Sea Zone. Rolls: 1,1
                Rolling for Convoy Blockade Damage in 72 Sea Zone. Rolls: 3
            Italians collect 16 PUs (3 lost to blockades); end with 26 PUs total

[Arthur Bomber Harris]

I don’t understand the heavy focus on the European side.  India is going to fall on J3 or J4 with no significant chance of US reprisals against Japan. Those transports in the Atlantic can be a minor nuisance to the Germans, but the fleet will be sunk the turn after they drop off the soldiers.  I also miss why you spent your bid in Africa but didn’t attack any of the Italian troops.  I should be essentially wiped off that continent after you spending 20 PUs there.  There shouldn’t be a need for additional American soldiers until I4-I5 with so much money spent there.

Despite the large bonus starting money for the Allies, IMHO it doesn’t look good for them at this point.

Question: does the Yukon belong to Germany, or am I crazy.

[ItIsILeClerc]

Hmm, difficult to answer… I know this is a more out of the box course of events but there are reasons for it. It would be too much writing to explain why. At least Egypt is safe now and that means a lot.
It´s just something I want to try first, and if it fails horribly (which I do not see as a remote possibility), we can just start over and play the allies more conventional. Maybe I even wanted to try this strategy first because I have the least faith in it of the few ideas that I have… But it has to be like trial and error. And who says I have to use the US forces I placed in Europe against Germany/Italy :-). The Pacific is not too far away.

As for the UK in the med… Again, there´s reasons why and I admit some of the reasons have something to do with my knowing Germany is going to have a large bomberstack and I don´t want the allies to spread too thinly and/or in too small stacks. But if the allies won´t be able to ´beat the bombers´, I am sure it won´t have anything to do with the UK in the med/Africa. Although, Churchill demands German payment for the unnecesary loss of 2FTR and a CA :-). The loss of the first a direct result of the loss of the latter.

[ItIsILeClerc]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: World War II Global 1940 2nd Edition, version: 3.9

Game History

Round: 1

Purchase Units - ANZAC
            ANZAC buy 1 infantry and 1 transport; Remaining resources: 0 PUs;

Combat Move - ANZAC
            2 infantry moved from Egypt to Anglo Egyptian Sudan

Combat - ANZAC
            Battle in Anglo Egyptian Sudan
                ANZAC attack with 2 infantry
                Italians defend with 1 infantry
                ANZAC win, taking Anglo Egyptian Sudan from Italians with 2 infantry remaining. Battle score for attacker is 3
                Casualties for Italians: 1 infantry

Non Combat Move - ANZAC
            1 infantry moved from New South Wales to 62 Sea Zone
            1 infantry and 1 transport moved from 62 Sea Zone to 45 Sea Zone
            1 infantry moved from 45 Sea Zone to Dutch New Guinea
                  ANZAC take Dutch New Guinea from Dutch
            1 cruiser moved from 63 Sea Zone to 62 Sea Zone
            1 artillery, 1 fighter and 2 infantry moved from Queensland to South Australia
            2 aaGuns and 1 infantry moved from New South Wales to South Australia
            2 fighters moved from New Zealand to South Australia

Place Units - ANZAC
            1 transport placed in 62 Sea Zone
            1 infantry placed in New South Wales

Turn Complete - ANZAC
            ANZAC collect 10 PUs; end with 10 PUs total
            Trigger ANZAC 1 Control Original And Malaya: ANZAC met a national objective for an additional 5 PUs; end with 15 PUs
            Objective ANZAC 2 Control Strategic Islands: ANZAC met a national objective for an additional 5 PUs; end with 20 PUs

[ItIsILeClerc]

TripleA Manual Gamesave Post for game: World War II Global 1940 2nd Edition, version: 3.9

Game History

Round: 2

Research Technology - Germans

[ItIsILeClerc]

Something went wrong with posting the French turn summary…
I canceled the posting because I wanted to check something and then the post button was greyed out. So be aware of that bug.

You can manually post (file, post PBEM/PBF) which I found out only after it was already the German turn.
Please be aware I edited the 3 Russian ART in Leningrad for MECH. No big deal, but I don´t want anything to go accidentally unnoticed  :wink:.

[oysteilo]

it is going to be really interesting to follow this game. I think UK was somewhat unlucky not to take out the german battleship and maybe italy was somewhat lucky to just loose a sub? I guess things tends to even out……Also I am curious as to what USA is doing, putting their stuff everywhere. It will be interesting to see. For France…why not take a 50% chance to kill the Italiens in Southern France?

[Arthur Bomber Harris]

I definitely would have taken the 50/50 chance to take out Southern France to deny Germany a landing spot plus kill some troops.

[Arthur Bomber Harris]

In case my German turn didn’t properly post also, here is the save:

[Arthur Bomber Harris]

My deepest apologies, I pressed for the game to post the results of the German moves but it failed to do it.

[ItIsILeClerc]

NP ABH, we’re only Human. I forgot it also.

Why I didn’t attack Southern France? Easy. I was afraid that I might conquer it ;-). I wouldn’t want to give Germany another chance to gain a mediterranean production facility, even though I know it’s supposed to build a lot of Bombers, not ships. I try not to abuse my foreknowledge as much as I can. Also one of the reasons why I didn’t attack Tobruk: I’m not supposed to know what the axis are going to do but I am free to anticipate to the possibility that Germany comes down with a lot of planes and attack my spread out small stacks, airblitzing the UK into oblivion. For now I prefer to consolidate instead of trading units with Italy on a rough 2/3 ratio.

I’m hoping for an even out, Oysteilio! Uk was definately not supposed to loose 2FTR and Germany to keep its BB. But if Germany gets Lucky on the #91 Cruiser, then attacking axis ships become more risky…

I can only hope it won’t affect strategy a lot, because that’s what we’re interesting in and that’s why we are playing LL. But I guess LL can still screw a player, though it mitigates too much luck a bit.

[ItIsILeClerc]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: World War II Global 1940 2nd Edition, version: 3.9

Game History

Round: 2

Research Technology - Russians

Purchase Units - Russians
            Russians buy 8 artilleries and 2 infantry; Remaining resources: 0 PUs;

Combat Move - Russians
            Turning on Edit Mode
            EDIT: Changing ownership of Baltic States from Russians to Germans
            EDIT: Removing units owned by Germans from Eastern Poland: 1 infantry
            EDIT: Adding units owned by Germans to Baltic States: 1 infantry
            EDIT: Turning off Edit Mode
            1 fighter and 1 tactical_bomber moved from Novgorod to Western Ukraine
            1 infantry moved from Ukraine to Western Ukraine
            1 infantry moved from Ukraine to Western Ukraine
            1 cruiser moved from 114 Sea Zone to 113 Sea Zone
            1 submarine moved from 115 Sea Zone to 113 Sea Zone

Combat - Russians
            Germans scrambles 1 units out of Western Germany to defend against the attack in 113 Sea Zone
            Battle in Western Ukraine
                Russians attack with 1 fighter, 2 infantry and 1 tactical_bomber
                Germans defend with 1 armour
                Russians win, taking Western Ukraine from Germans with 1 fighter, 2 infantry and 1 tactical_bomber remaining. Battle score for attacker is 6
                Casualties for Germans: 1 armour
            Battle in 113 Sea Zone
                Russians attack with 1 cruiser and 1 submarine
                Germans defend with 1 battleship, 1 carrier, 2 fighters, 1 tactical_bomber and 1 transport
                Units damaged: 1 carrier owned by the Germans
                Germans win with 1 battleship, 1 carrier, 1 fighter, 1 tactical_bomber and 1 transport remaining. Battle score for attacker is -8
                Casualties for Germans: 1 fighter
                Casualties for Russians: 1 cruiser and 1 submarine
            Moving scrambled unit from 113 Sea Zone back to originating territory: Western Germany
                1 tactical_bomber owned by the Germans forced to land in Western Germany

Non Combat Move - Russians
            1 submarine moved from 111 Sea Zone to 125 Sea Zone
            1 fighter and 1 tactical_bomber moved from Western Ukraine to Belarus
            2 artilleries moved from Bryansk to Belarus
            2 infantry moved from Rostov to Bryansk
            5 infantry moved from Bryansk to Belarus
            3 mech_infantrys moved from Novgorod to Bryansk
            3 mech_infantrys moved from Russia to Bryansk
            1 armour moved from Ukraine to Belarus
            1 fighter and 5 infantry moved from Novgorod to Belarus
            1 mech_infantry moved from Ukraine to Bryansk
            1 mech_infantry moved from Ukraine to Bryansk
            1 mech_infantry moved from Ukraine to Bryansk
            1 mech_infantry moved from Ukraine to Bryansk
            2 aaGuns moved from Bryansk to Belarus
            1 mech_infantry moved from Bryansk to Belarus
            1 aaGun moved from Buryatia to Amur
            1 aaGun and 18 infantry moved from Buryatia to Amur

Place Units - Russians
            8 artilleries and 2 infantry placed in Russia

Turn Complete - Russians
            Russians collect 34 PUs; end with 34 PUs total
            Trigger Russians 1 Lend Lease: Russians met a national objective for an additional 5 PUs; end with 39 PUs

[ItIsILeClerc]

I handled a few things for you, ABH.
Russian baltic fleet attacked Kriegsmarine and got Lucky. Both sub and cruiser hit. I took the liberty to scramble the German FTR, took a hit on the CV and killed a FTR for you. If you want a different loss, feel free to take the BB or CV instead. Just edit the FTR back in and the loss of your choice out.

Also, you left 3 German AAA open for destruction by a single Russian MECH in Poland. I assumed you overlooked that so I took the liberty to remove 1INF from Eastern Poland and put it into the Baltic States (adding the territory to Germany). Feel free to correct that situation differently if you wish. Just keep in mind that if you leave Baltic States open you’ll need enough combat units in Poland to prevent Russia from driving a mech and a FTR in.

[ItIsILeClerc]

I want to change the Russian production in Moscow from 8ART + 2INF to 9MECH. Suits the overall idea much better. Dark Skies strategy (and its yet-to-find counter) is very new to me. But that’s what a playtest is for, not? Trial and error.

I can edit it myself after you post the Japanese turn, ABH. So you don’t need to bother.
But if you want to do the edit for whatever reason, that’s fine too, ofc. Just delete the 10 units in Moscow, add 9MECH and change Russian PU’s from 39 to 41.

[Arthur Bomber Harris]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: World War II Global 1940 2nd Edition, version: 3.9

Game History

Round: 2

Purchase Units - Japanese
            Japanese buy 1 airfield, 1 factory_minor and 1 harbour; Remaining resources: 6 SuicideAttackTokens; 0 PUs;

Combat Move - Japanese
            1 unit repaired.
            1 infantry moved from Chahar to Suiyuyan
                  Japanese take Suiyuyan from Chinese
            1 infantry moved from Chahar to Hopei
                  Japanese take Hopei from Chinese
            1 infantry moved from Anhwe to Kweichow
                  Japanese take Kweichow from Chinese
            1 infantry moved from Hunan to Yunnan
                  Japanese take Yunnan from Chinese
            1 artillery moved from Chahar to Hopei
            1 artillery and 3 infantry moved from Kiangsi to Hunan
            1 infantry moved from Borneo to 43 Sea Zone
            1 infantry and 1 transport moved from 43 Sea Zone to 42 Sea Zone
            1 infantry moved from 42 Sea Zone to Java
            2 infantry moved from French Indo China to Shan State
            1 fighter moved from Kwangsi to Shan State
            1 tactical_bomber moved from Kwangsi to Shan State
            1 fighter moved from Kwangsi to Shan State
            1 tactical_bomber moved from Kwangsi to Shan State
            1 fighter moved from Kwangsi to Shan State
            1 infantry moved from Japan to 6 Sea Zone
            1 infantry moved from Japan to 6 Sea Zone
            1 infantry moved from Japan to 6 Sea Zone
            1 artillery moved from Japan to 6 Sea Zone
            1 artillery moved from Japan to 6 Sea Zone
            1 infantry moved from Japan to 6 Sea Zone
            2 artilleries, 1 destroyer, 4 infantry and 3 transports moved from 6 Sea Zone to 36 Sea Zone
            1 armour moved from Philippines to 35 Sea Zone
            1 infantry moved from Philippines to 35 Sea Zone
            1 artillery moved from Philippines to 35 Sea Zone
            1 bomber moved from Kwangsi to Malaya
            5 infantry moved from Jehol to Manchuria
            1 fighter moved from Japan to Manchuria
            1 fighter moved from Japan to Manchuria
            1 mech_infantry moved from Anhwe to Manchuria
            1 tactical_bomber moved from Japan to French Indo China
            1 bomber, 3 fighters and 3 tactical_bombers moved from Kwangsi to French Indo China
            1 fighter moved from French Indo China to Shan State
            1 artillery and 2 infantry moved from Anhwe to Hunan
            1 fighter moved from French Indo China to Shan State
            1 carrier, 1 destroyer and 1 tactical_bomber moved from 43 Sea Zone to 37 Sea Zone
            1 destroyer moved from 35 Sea Zone to 42 Sea Zone
            1 destroyer moved from 35 Sea Zone to 42 Sea Zone
            1 cruiser moved from 35 Sea Zone to 42 Sea Zone
            1 armour, 1 infantry and 1 transport moved from 35 Sea Zone to 37 Sea Zone
            1 infantry moved from 37 Sea Zone to Malaya
            1 armour moved from 37 Sea Zone to Malaya
            1 artillery and 1 transport moved from 35 Sea Zone to 20 Sea Zone
            1 infantry moved from Kwangtung to 20 Sea Zone
            1 artillery moved from Kwangtung to Kwangsi
            1 artillery, 1 infantry and 1 transport moved from 20 Sea Zone to 44 Sea Zone
            1 infantry moved from 44 Sea Zone to Celebes
            1 artillery moved from 44 Sea Zone to Celebes
            1 fighter moved from 35 Sea Zone to 45 Sea Zone
            2 battleships, 2 carriers, 1 fighter, 2 submarines and 1 tactical_bomber moved from 35 Sea Zone to 37 Sea Zone

Combat - Japanese
            Battle in 45 Sea Zone
                Japanese attack with 1 fighter
                ANZAC defend with 1 transport
                Japanese win with 1 fighter remaining. Battle score for attacker is 7
                Casualties for ANZAC: 1 transport
            Battle in Java
            Battle in Celebes
            Battle in Malaya
                Japanese attack with 1 armour, 1 bomber and 1 infantry
                ANZAC defend with 1 infantry; British defend with 1 harbour
                Japanese win, taking Java from Dutch, taking Celebes from Dutch, taking Malaya from UK_Pacific with 1 armour and 1 bomber remaining. Battle score for attacker is 0
                Casualties for Japanese: 1 infantry
                Casualties for ANZAC: 1 infantry
            Battle in Shan State
                Japanese attack with 5 fighters, 2 infantry and 2 tactical_bombers
                British defend with 3 infantry
                Japanese win, taking Shan State from UK_Pacific with 5 fighters, 1 infantry and 2 tactical_bombers remaining. Battle score for attacker is 6
                Casualties for Japanese: 1 infantry
                Casualties for British: 3 infantry

Non Combat Move - Japanese
            1 bomber moved from Malaya to French Indo China
            1 fighter moved from 37 Sea Zone to French Indo China
            1 tactical_bomber moved from 37 Sea Zone to French Indo China
            1 tactical_bomber moved from 37 Sea Zone to French Indo China
            1 fighter moved from 45 Sea Zone to 37 Sea Zone
            1 fighter moved from 43 Sea Zone to 37 Sea Zone
            5 fighters and 2 tactical_bombers moved from Shan State to French Indo China
            1 aaGun moved from Jehol to Manchuria

Place Units - Japanese
            1 airfield, 1 factory_minor and 1 harbour placed in French Indo China

Turn Complete - Japanese
            Japanese collect 55 PUs; end with 55 PUs total

[Arthur Bomber Harris]

You did the naval battle correctly for Russia.  Bad luck to lose a fighter in that combat, but oh well.  No problem with the mech exchange in Moscow.  That will delay my full scale invasion for another turn, but at a large cost of your offensive fire power later on.  It will be interesting to see how that plays out.

Japan did a very traditional turn 2.  I was torn between getting a second factory in Asia vs building the Naval base.  I’ve found the flexibility of having a full FIC complex to be quite powerful later on.

[ItIsILeClerc]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: World War II Global 1940 2nd Edition, version: 3.9

Game History

Round: 2

Purchase Units - Americans
            Turning on Edit Mode
            EDIT: Removing units owned by Russians from Russia: 8 artilleries and 2 infantry
            EDIT: Adding units owned by Russians to Russia: 9 mech_infantrys
            EDIT: Changing PUs for Russians from 39 to 41
            EDIT: Turning off Edit Mode
            Americans buy 1 carrier, 1 destroyer and 8 submarines; Remaining resources: 1 PUs;

Combat Move - Americans

Combat - Americans

Non Combat Move - Americans
            1 artillery and 1 infantry moved from Brazil to 86 Sea Zone
            1 artillery, 1 infantry and 1 transport moved from 86 Sea Zone to 91 Sea Zone
            1 artillery and 1 infantry moved from 91 Sea Zone to Morocco
            1 artillery, 1 battleship, 1 destroyer, 1 infantry and 1 transport moved from 89 Sea Zone to 91 Sea Zone
            1 artillery and 1 infantry moved from 91 Sea Zone to Morocco
            1 carrier moved from 101 Sea Zone to 91 Sea Zone
            1 fighter moved from Gibraltar to 91 Sea Zone
            1 fighter moved from Western United States to 91 Sea Zone
            1 cruiser moved from 106 Sea Zone to 91 Sea Zone
            1 armour and 1 infantry moved from Central United States to 101 Sea Zone
            1 armour, 1 infantry and 1 transport moved from 101 Sea Zone to 91 Sea Zone
            1 armour and 1 infantry moved from 91 Sea Zone to Morocco
            2 aaGuns and 2 infantry moved from Central United States to 101 Sea Zone
            2 aaGuns, 2 infantry and 2 transports moved from 101 Sea Zone to 91 Sea Zone
            2 aaGuns and 2 infantry moved from 91 Sea Zone to Morocco
            2 mech_infantrys moved from Central United States to 101 Sea Zone
            2 mech_infantrys and 2 transports moved from 101 Sea Zone to 86 Sea Zone
            2 mech_infantrys moved from 86 Sea Zone to Brazil
            2 mech_infantrys moved from Central United States to Western United States
            2 infantry moved from Western United States to 10 Sea Zone
            2 infantry and 1 transport moved from 10 Sea Zone to 26 Sea Zone
            2 infantry moved from 26 Sea Zone to Hawaiian Islands
            1 carrier, 1 cruiser, 1 fighter and 1 tactical_bomber moved from 8 Sea Zone to 25 Sea Zone
            1 submarine moved from 64 Sea Zone to 90 Sea Zone
            1 bomber moved from French Guiana to French West Africa
            1 fighter and 1 tactical_bomber moved from 25 Sea Zone to Wake Island

Place Units - Americans
            5 submarines placed in 101 Sea Zone
            1 carrier, 1 destroyer and 3 submarines placed in 10 Sea Zone

Turn Complete - Americans
            Americans collect 52 PUs; end with 53 PUs total
            Objective Americans 2 Outer Territories: Americans met a national objective for an additional 5 PUs; end with 58 PUs
            Objective Americans 3 Defense Obligations: Americans met a national objective for an additional 5 PUs; end with 63 PUs
            Objective Americans 1 Homeland: Americans met a national objective for an additional 10 PUs; end with 73 PUs

[ItIsILeClerc]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: World War II Global 1940 2nd Edition, version: 3.9

Game History

Round: 2

Purchase Units - Chinese
            Trigger Chinese Loses Burma Road: Chinese has their production frontier changed to: productionChinese_Burma_Road_Closed
            Chinese buy 5 infantry; Remaining resources: 0 PUs;

Combat Move - Chinese
            2 infantry moved from Szechwan to Yunnan
            1 fighter moved from Szechwan to Yunnan

Combat - Chinese
            Battle in Yunnan
                Chinese attack with 1 fighter and 2 infantry
                Japanese defend with 1 infantry
                Chinese win, taking Yunnan from Japanese with 1 fighter and 2 infantry remaining. Battle score for attacker is 3
                Casualties for Japanese: 1 infantry

Non Combat Move - Chinese
            1 fighter moved from Yunnan to Szechwan
            1 fighter moved from Szechwan to Sikang
            11 infantry moved from Szechwan to Sikang
            2 infantry moved from Shensi to Tsinghai

Place Units - Chinese
            5 infantry placed in Sikang

Turn Complete - Chinese
            Chinese collect 6 PUs; end with 6 PUs total
            Objective Chinese 1 Burma Road: Chinese met a national objective for an additional 6 PUs; end with 12 PUs

[ItIsILeClerc]

I’ll have to do the Brits tomorrow, sorry. I’m too tired and will make many stupid mistakes if I continue tonight…

The game still looks interesting to me. I am excited that I can finally try a theory of mine and that against dark skies no less!
German bombers now have a lot of options, but they can only go after 1 of them. That is how I thought it was going to be, but I want to see what the effects are over time.

Will finish Uk tomorrow.

[Arthur Bomber Harris]

no problem.  Better to make smart moves slowly than rushing through dumb ones.