@ksmckay great questions. Addressing them in turn:
Germany Caucasus objective, assume its control of both north and south Cacausus?
The Caucasus objective applies only to Southern Caucasus. This will be clarified in a subsequent patch to the objectives panel.
Can you explain scramble to land better? Does this mean air in Wger can scramble to defend a land attack in Germany?
Yes. West Germany can scramble to defend Germany, as long as there is at least one defending unit already in Germany (including a lone AA gun). Note that France’s airbase is now actually useful, since it can be used to scramble in defense of Normandy, Holland, Southern France, and Western Germany.
Carrier scramble - 1 per carrier right? And as a follow up to previous question, a ftr on carrier in z116 could scramble to defend Norway, Denmark, Wger, or Ger as well as adjancent sea zones?
Yes. One plane per carrier. And a carrier in sz 116 can indeed do all that. For the land territories, there must be at least one defending unit already in the territory.
Can you comment on civil war and great purge - are those one time penalties?
Yes, it is a onetime penalty that only affects starting income.
Is it correct that there is no convoy in 43?
Correct. There is no convoy in sz 43.