Hey Folks,
Here are a couple of house rules concerning the U.S.S.R. I’ve “borrowed†them from several sources (A&A-Europe, A&A-Fan-based-Homepages, etc.). Any comments?
Soviet Union
Throughout the war, the Soviet Union operated with a great degree of independence from its western Allies. U.S. and British equipment on Soviet soil was often controlled by Russians troops. This is simulated in the game as follows:
Lend & Lease: After his noncombat movement phase, the Soviet player checks for any allied units that are currently in territories that contain a Soviet home industrial complex. He may choose to replace these units with the Soviet equivalent. Although the Soviet player should discuss this maneuver with his Allies, he doesn’t have to. Even if the Soviet player moves these units to allied territories, they remain Soviet units for the remainder of the game. Note: Of course, allied infantrymen were not brain-washed into becoming Russians but, rather, Allied equipment and weapons were used to equip Russian soldiers.
Stalinist Xenophobia: Besides from “Lend & Leaseâ€, no Allied units can ever be based in any territory controlled by the U.S.S.R., nor may they traverse Soviet territory or airspace.
Bolshevization of liberated areas: Any allied territory liberated by the Soviet Union is considered Soviet territory. The only way for such territory to revert to control of the original owner is if it is retaken by an Axis power and then re-liberated by the western allies.
I don’t have any particular comments on the game-play side of these proposals, but here are a few thoughts on the historical context.
Throughout the war, the Soviet Union operated with a great degree of independence from its western Allies. <<
Quite true, and also true with regard to some of other combattants. Japan, for instance, waged its war in the Asia-Pacific region in a way that was largely independent of the European war being waged by Germany and Italy. Similarly, the war in the Asia-Pacific region in general was dominated on the Allied side by the US, and in the Central Pacific in particular it was entirely a US show.
U.S. and British equipment on Soviet soil was often controlled by Russians troops. <<
The phrasing here is a bit ambiguous. It’s true that the Soviets were deliberately given lots of equipment by the Anglo-Americans, and that the Soviets then made use of this equipment, but the sentence seems to imply something different, as is evident from the part of the proposed house rule which says:
This is simulated in the game as follows: end & Lease: After his noncombat movement phase, the Soviet player checks for any allied units that are currently in territories that contain a Soviet home industrial complex. He may choose to replace these units with the Soviet equivalent. Although the Soviet player should discuss this maneuver with his Allies, he doesn’t have to. Even if the Soviet player moves these units to allied territories, they remain Soviet units for the remainder of the game. Note: Of course, allied infantrymen were not brain-washed into becoming Russians but, rather, Allied equipment and weapons were used to equip Russian soldiers. <<
In other words, what’s implied here (reinforced by the “often” part of the earlier sentence) is that it was a common occurence in WWII for Anglo-American combat units (not simply equipment that’s been packed up in crates for shipment) to enter Soviet territory as the result of tactical or operational maneuvers (not just as part of logistical shipments), that the equipment of these units was then seized by the Soviets for their own use, and that the Soviets could do this even if the Allied units in question didn’t agree. The only WWII situations I can think of that in any way resemble the scenario being described were a few cases in which American B-29s which had bombed Japan and couldn’t make it back to American-controlled territory due to battle damage flew onward to the Soviet Union, where the planes were impounded and the crews were – for reasons about which I’m not sure – interned. (To add insult to injury, the Soviets later reversed-engineered these planes to produce a bomber of their own, the Tupolev Tu-4.)
Lend-Lease didn’t involve the Soviets seizing anything. Lend-Lease involved the Americans and the British sending the Soviets (via routes such as the Murmansk convoys and the Persian Corridor) shipments of war materiel. These shipments were intended right from the start to be for Soviet use, so the Soviets would have had no reason to seize these shipments on arrival (just as the British would have had no reason to seize the materials that the Americans were shipping to the UK via the trans-Atlantic convoys). As for Anglo-American combat units ending up on Soviet territory as the result of tactical or operational maneuvers, I can’t think of any examples of this happening other than the B-29 examples I mentioned. The only place where the Soviet and Anglo-American armies ended up meeting face-to-face was along the Elbe in 1945…and that was in Germany, not Russia.
Stalinist Xenophobia: Besides from “Lend & Leaseâ€, no Allied units can ever be based in any territory controlled by the U.S.S.R., nor may they traverse Soviet territory or airspace. <<
As mentioned above, it’s correct that the western Allies generally kept out of Soviet territory (and vice-versa), but it had nothing to do with Stalinist Xenophobia (through there was certainly a lot of that present). It was simply because neither side had any particular reason to enter each other’s territory (since each side had its hands full handling its own particular operational theatres) and because the Axis was in control of the territory between the Western Front and the Eastern Front.
Bolshevization of liberated areas: Any allied territory liberated by the Soviet Union is considered Soviet territory. The only way for such territory to revert to control of the original owner is if it is retaken by an Axis power and then re-liberated by the western allies. <<
This fits pretty well with what actually happened in Eastern Europe in 1944 and 1945, when that region came into the orbit of the USSR. One exception, however, is that in the months which followed the German surrender the Allies armies redistributed themselves to the predetermined lines of occupation that had been negotiated by their political leaders. The lines of military control where their armies had ended up in May 1945 didn’t quite match the predetermined plan, so for example – if my recollection is correct – the Soviets pulled out of Austria (and allowed the Americans to walk in) and the Americans pulled out of the Leipzig region (and allowed the Soviets to walk in).
What version of A&A are you talking about?
CWO Marc: Thanks’ for the historical context! Seems correct to me. As far as it came to my knowledge, the only other case of US personal and material “captured” by the Soviets was in 1942 when a B-25 participating in the ‘Doolittle-Raid’ was interned after their forced landing in the USSR.
Frederick II: Our group is using these rules for all Versions. (1942-1st & 2nd Ed., Europe-1999Ed., 1940)
For us these rules are a nice way to simulate the “separate” war the Russians and the Western Allies fought against the European Axis powers. Especially when I remember – with a certain degree of shudder – the hordes of allied fighters stored in Moscow to prevent a Russian surrender in the “classic” game of 1984.
The game should have 4 power “blocks”:
Western Allies & Chinese Nationalists
European Axis
USSR & Chinese Communists
Japan & Chinese Collaborationists
Each of these blocks takes its turn with all its members simultaneously, though separate economies are maintained for each power within each block.
Any two blocks can be allied only in the sense that they have common enemies; they cannot share tt or allow aircraft to overfly each other’s airspace.
It also does not follow that if the Western Allies are at war with Japan and “allied” to USSR, that USSR and Japan are at war. The Soviet-Japanese non-aggression pact should be in force until:
1. Germany or Japan are defeated (USSR can attack Japan)
2. Western Allies or USSR are defeated (Japan can attack USSR)
Western units sent to Russia consisted largely of transport vehicles and food & fuel supplies; the British “tanks for Russia” program was a publicity stunt - compared to the KVs and T-34s British tanks were so many piles of scrap metal.
British servicemen who ended up in Russia disappeared into Stalin’s death factories.
Here is an interesting bit of historical trivia. The US 8th Air Force actually had bases in the Ukraine for a short time. From June to September 1944, the 8th Air Force started a shuttle run of bombers that would take off from England and Italy, bomb targets in Germany then fly on to 3 bases in the Ukraine, Piryatin, Mirgorod and Poltava. The reasoning was mainly to show solidarity with the Russians and to hit Germany from an unexpected quarter.
The mission was called “Operation Frantic”. I don’t think it was much of a success. One reason is that the Luftwaffe bomber arm was still fairly strong in the East. Some Luftwaffe planes saw the American bombers heading into Russia. Then when a shot up P-51 crashed in Poland, it had documents on the Russian bases. Luftwaffe command was notified and they send Fliegerkorps IV, nearly 350 He 111s, to pound those bases while the B-17s were lined up in neat rows due to lack of space. It was the 8th Air Force’s costliest single operation of the war.
I didn’t even know about this until I read it in World War II magazine.
