Out of Supply
I’m not going to suggest complicated supply rules, just a thought about armies that become isolated from friendly capitals.
To use an obvious example of Serbia. Suppose the opening Austrian moves involve a successful invasion of Romania, but the attack on Serbia is resisted.
This leaves Serbia as politically part of Russia, but isolated from it by neutral and enemy held tt.
Should the Serbian army suffer a penalty from this lack of supply? I would suggest that OOS armies would be most authentically represented by a shortage in artillery shells. So:
Units in OOS armies may not be “promoted”.
This more severely effects attacking moves, but OOS armies defending can dig in and defend well enough.
Give them an entire game round to re-establish supply, otherwise such armies must surrender.
I’m assuming here that a contested Romania does not make Srerbia OOS, supplies will still find a way through.