UK cannot land there because they did not own it at the beginning of their turn. US comes after them in the order.
You found the relevant rule and quoted it.
Question about damage markers?
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Let’s say a country has only 1 build possible. Meaning, the country in question removes enough damage markers to give it 1 build. Can they build 1 Inf and 1 IC, if the IC is to be placed in another territory? Or, do they need 2 builds?
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He can build 1 IC and 1 INF. The damage markers only indicate the limited production of a damaged IC.
A newly built IC is considered to be build in a new territory, with the resources and manpower available of the country it is in.