On this day during W.W. 2

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April 29 1941 The last of the British main forces were evacuated from Greece.        Two shiploads of British reinforcements arrived at Basra to aid in what was building up to a military confrontation with the new pro-Axis Iraqi government. Rashid Ali proposed British woman and children be evacuated out of Baghdad to the R.A.F. Base at Habbaniyah, 50 miles to the west for their protection.

1942 Hitler and Mussolini met at Berchtesgaden. one of the key issues was the rupture between Axis partners Hungary and Rumania who were close to fighting each other over continuing territorial disputes.      Lashio in Burma fell to the Japanese, closing the Burma road into China. The Japanese had covered 300 miles in only 18 days. That pace was maintained in a race with monsoon weather. Had the rains not been delayed the Japanese would have been bogged down in mud and water.        Japanese forces from Cebu were moved to Mindanao in an effort to secure the Island. Heavy air and artillary attacks were launched against Corregidor.

1943 Gweman submarine U-515 sank 5 ships in a 24 hr period along the West African coast off Freetown.      Goebbels, reflecting growing concern about an Allied strategy directed toward the Balkans, wrote in hid diary : if an invasion were to take place in the southeast, there would be cause to fear that large parts of the population would immediatly desert us. The Balkans are still the powder barrel of Europe. It is to be hoprd  that the English and the Americans are not aware of the chances beckoning them there.  (Churchill alone among the western Allied leaders, was aware of the vunerability of the Balkans and the area’s strategic and political potential, but he was constantly refused such operations.)

1944 U.S. Naval Task Force 59 ships and planes returned to Truk for raids against the key Japanese base. About 120 Japanese aircraft were destroyed, plus large amounts of arms and petroleum supplies.

1945 Hitler designated Donitz as his successor and was married to Eva Braun in his Berlin bunker. The Reich Chancellory came under Russian artillary fire.      An unconditional surrender was signed at Caserta by German Army Group Southwest commander in Italy, General Vietinghoff. The fighting was to end on May 2nd. Allied forces reached Genoa and Padua, which had been previously taken over by partisans. Milan was under partisan control.      U.S. 7th Army units reached Munich.      More than 250 R.A.F. aircraft dropped emergency food supplies in the Netherlands on prearranged areas. The German 25th Army was still holding out in large pockets of the Netherlands, and the plight of the civilians was becoming desperate. Churchill estamated 3 million were starving. He had written on the 10th “We belive that large numbers are dying daily, and the situation must deteriorate rapidly now that communications between Germany and Holland are virtually cut. I fear we may soon be in the presence of a great tragedy.” Reichskommissar for the Netherlands Seyss-Inquart had agreed to the food relief flights.      Heavy losses in the fighting for Maeda escarpment on Okinawa forced relief of the badly mauled U.S. 96th Division.

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April 30 1940 German units advancing northward from Oslo linked up with the Germans fighting around Trondheim. The important rail center of Dombas was captured.      The first enclosed and guarded getto in Poland was established by the Germans in Lodz.

1941 German troops completed their occupation of Greece.      Rommel’s forces continued pouring into Egypt and advanced 6 miles beyond the frontier.      Nine thousand Iraqi troops with 28 pieces of artillary surrounded the R.A.F. base at Habbaniyah. The 230 British woman and children who had taken refuge at the base were declared to be hostages. There were 6,000 civilians at Habbaniyah, with a military force of 2,200. The Oil pipelines out of Iraq were blocked.

1942 British civilian air raid casualties for the month were 938 killed and 998 injured, a reflection of the intensification of Luftwaffe attacks on British cities.        All of central Burma fell to the Japanese as the defending forces fell back across the Irrawaddy River.

1943 New antisubmarine strategies were formally adopted by the Royal Navy, centering on a carrier based aircraft cover and long range patrol planes. They were immediatly employed in the Bay of Biscay, where in the following month 38 U-Boats were sunk. The key to the program was catching the submarines while they were leaving or returning from their bases on the French coast. Ultra messages were invaluablr in giving British ships and planes specific times and locations for intercepting the submarines.

1944 For the first time Stalin himself publicly acknowledged that the Soviet Union was receiving American and British aid.      U.S. and R.A.F. bombers dropped 80,000 tons of explosives in western Europe during the month.      British civilian air raid casualties for April were 146 killed and 226 injured.

1945 Hitler committed suicide. Dressed in anew Nazi uniform and modestly bemetaled , Hitler took a cyanide capsule while seated on a couch in the Reich Chancellery in Berlin. So ended the thousand year Reich. His new wife Eva Braun, also took poisen. Their bodies were doused in gasoline and burned. Only the Russians saw the remains, and it is still not known what became of the final evidence of Hitlers death. Goebbels and his wife killed themselves and their six children at the same time. Most of the world rejoiced at the news of Hitlers death, but it was by no means a universal feeling. In neutral Portugal, for example, the government ordered two days of national mourning and flags were flown at half-staff.      Marshal Graziani was executed by Italian partisans.        U.S. First Army units hooked up with Russian troops at Eilenburg. Munich was occupied. More than 110,000 Allied P.O.W. were liberated. U.S. and French troops met on the French-Italian border. Turin was occupied by the U.S. Fifth Army. Dachau concentration camp was liberated and 32,000 prisoners were released.      Yugoslav Partisans entered Trieste.      Units of the 17th Indian Division advanced to Pegu in Burma.      Japanese assults on U.S. ships off Okinawa intensified. During the month 20 were sunk and 157 damaged, 90 by Kamikazes. U.S. Naval forces during this period destroyed 1,100 Japanese planes      U.S. forces advanced to within four miles of Davao on Mindanao.      There were no civilian air raid casualties in Britian this month. A total of 60,585 were killed and86,175 seriously wounded since September 1939.

Actually Hitler escaped on a sub, and that was one of his doubles that they found . . .he caught Eva cheating on him, killed them both and decided he better do away with any witnesses. . . the Goebbels

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May 1st 1940 Mussolini told the U.S. ambassador in Rome, William Phillips, that Germany could not be defeated militarily. He said “Fifteen countries can now be called upon for every kind of supplies . . . the blockade of the Allies was therefore ineffective.”      Roosevelt appealed to Italy to refrain from entering the war.      The Norwegian force at Lillehammer surrendered.      Japanese forces resumed offensive operations with broad attacks in western Hupei Province aimed at extending control over the Yangtze river and addeing to the pressure on Chungking, the seat of Chiang Kai-shek’s government.

1941 Himmler outlined educational policies for the eastern territories seized by Germany: "There must not be a more advanced education for the non-German populationof the east than four years of primary school. This primary education has the follwing objective only: doing simple arithmetic to 500; writing one’s name, learning that it was God’s command that the Germans must be obeyed, and obedient. I dont consider reading skills necessary. Except for this school, no other kind of school must be allowed in the east.
German bombers hit Liverpool in the first raid of a week long attack.      German attacks on Tobruk were again repulsed.

1942 Mandalay fell to the Japanese as British forces found their left flank totally exposed.

1943 During the month a total of 41 German U-Boats-a third of the submarines on station-failed to return to their bases. Twenty-eight of the submarines were lost in the mid-Atlantic convoy areas. It was known as “BlackMay” in the german Navy. As a result of the losses, Donitz ordered all U-Boats to pull out of the North Atlantic and position themselves southwest of the Azores. The battle of the North Atlantic was effectively and decisively ended in favor of the Allies.
German troops in Tunisia began withdrawing from positionsopposite the U.S.II Corps.

1944 Allied aircraft began to mine the sea approaches to Bangkok and Rangoon. A total of 560 of the delayed-action type weapons were laid. Together with aerial raids on the ports, shipping was sharply restrictd. Thr Japanese were forced to keep virtually all merchants out of the Bay of Bengal and rely on smaller coastal ships and less accessible ports for resupply.      A Yugoslav partisan military mission arrived in London for talks on forthcoming joint actions and the distribution of supplies.      U.S. battleships and carrier aircraft bombed Ponape Island in the Carolines.

1945 The “Flensburg government” of Germany under Admiral Donitz was announced.      U.S. Third Army forces advanced into Czechoslovakia on a 100 mile wide front southeast of Ascha.      Field Marshal Rundstedt was captured by U.S. 141st regiment troops at Bad Tolz, south of Munich.      Eight tons of emergency food supplies were dropped to the civilian population in the Netherlands by U.S. aircraft.(The special flights continued through the 8th, with German cooperation.)      British paratroopers landed south of Rangoon.      A brigade of the 9th Australian Division landed on Tarakan, which  had been in Japanese hands since January 1942.      British Eighth Army troops advancing on Trieste made contact with Yugoslav partisans at Monfalcone.

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Sorry for no post, I did something and could not get back to the internet for almost 3 hrs,I’ll make up for it tomorrow
I was getting ready to post to here, and made my calls for Sat’s global game and when I came back the screen was blank, no problem thats what it does after 5-10 min.'s, so I moved the mouse around and thats when I had the trouble.
Sorry again

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May 3 1940 All British troops in central and southern Norway were evacuated, leaving only a small force in Narvik.        Greenland appealed to the U.S. for protection

1941 Germany and Italy split up split up Slovenia and each annexed its share of Yugoslav territory.      Revolutionary Iraqi forces occupied Rutba and other oil fields.      Hamburg was bombed by the R.A.F.        Heavy fighting broke out at Amba Alagi in Ethiopia as British forces closed the ring on Italian forces under the command ofItalian viceroy, Amadeus of Aosta

1942 Tulagi in the central Solomans was occupied by the Japanese, the first phase of what Tokyo had planned as an operation leading to the invasion or Austalia.      on the second the British crusier Edinburgh was sunk while returning with a convoy from Russia.

1943 Red Army trops halted a German counteroffensive in the Kuban area.        The U.S. 1st Armored Division occupied Mateur after it was abandoned by the Germans. Allied Units were now only 20 miles from Bizerte.

1944 Allied agreements were concluded with Spain which provided for a cutback in Spanish shipments of tungsten to Germany in exchange for Allied oil from the Americas

1945 2nd All fighting in Italy ended as the unconditional surrender of one million German troops there took effect, ending what the Allies called the “slow and bitter” campaign. Allied troops completed the occupation of Turin and Milan.      Berlin was completely under the control of Russian forces.    Irelands prime minister Eamon de Valera called at the German legislation in Dublin to express condolences for Hitlers death.      British Second Army units reached the Baltic, sealing off Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein.      R.A.F. Mosquitos attacked Kiel, the last Allied bombing raid of the European war.    Rangoon was found to have been abandoned by the Japanese.    The 20th and 17th Divisions occupied Prome and Pegu in Burma.      U.S. 1st Division Marines suffered heavy losses while making only negligible advances around the Asa River in Okinawa.
3rd German forces in Hambuerg surrendered. U.S. Seventh Army units reached the Brenner Pass after taking Innsbruk. The 2nd Armored Division was ordered to take Berchesgaden.      A civilian uprising began in Prague.      New Zealand troops advanced into Trieste and were confronted by Yugoslav partisans, and the two sides faced eachother in a potentially ugly showdown.      A brigade of the 26th Indian Division entered Rangoon. Allied paratroopers and amphibious forces converged on the city. The war in Burma was effectively ended with the recapture of Rangoon. The campaign to retake Burma cost 4,115 British and Indian dead, 13764 wounded, in addition to smaller numbers of U.S. and Chinese casualties. Japanese losses in the campaign were about 100,000.      Davao on Mindanao in the Philippines, which was literally in ruins, was cleared by U.S. forces.      Japanese forces on Okinawa began their only major offensiveof the Ryukyus campaign. An amphibious force tried to land behind U.S. lines on both coasts. As many as 800 Japanese were killed, and those who did land were soon killed or captured.

May is the month when France came into the war.

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May 4 1940 The Netherlands cracked down on anti-government elements, arresting suspected saboeurs and Nazi fifth columnists.

1941 Hitler said the entire Balkans campaign had cost the Germans only 5,500 casualties.

1942 British forces landed on the north coast of Madagascar, encountering only light Vichy French opposition.        R.A.F. bombers attacked the Skoda munitions facility in Pilsen, Czechoslovaskia.      The American Flying Tigers abandoned Burma and reestablished their base at Kunming, China. Bhamo fell to the Japanese. British forces evacuated Akyab
4-8  the battle of the Coral sea. . .  I’ll fill that in later this weekend

1944 U.S. reinforcements landed on New Guniea. In tyhe Aitape area, 525 Japanese were killed in the previous weeks to the loss of 19 Americans.      Chinese troops captured Inkangahtawng on the approaches to  Kamaing in Burma.

1945 About one million German troops surrendered in the Netherlands, Denmark, and Northwest Germany. The terms were to become effective at 8 a.m. the next day. Salzburg surrendered as officers of the German 19th Army began negotiating an end to the fighting in Bavaria

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May 5 1939 Warsaw again turned down Germanys bid for control over Danzig and overland routes through the Polish corridor.

1940 German troops began pressing north from Trondheim.      The 13th Demi-brigade of the French foreign Legion landed at Narvik.

1941 Tokyo advised the Japanese ambassador in Washington “according to a fairly reliable sorce of information, it appears almost certain that the United States government is reading your code messages.” ( the information was correct, but subsequent investigations in Tokyo and Washington led the Japanese to conclude their purple diplomatic code was not comprimised. No effort was made to change it. The sorce of Tokyo’s concern, " the fairly reliable sorce of information," was probly the German ambassador in Washington who had been confronted by the Russian ambassador who had knowledge of an impending German attavk on the Soviet Union. These reports may have been given the Russians by U.S. under Secretary of State Sumner Welles, who had access to the Magic intercepts of the Purple code, and was anxious to rupture Soviet-German relations. Some have suggested they may have originated with a German agent  working at the Soviety embassy.      Iraqi troops abandoned the heights around Habbaniyah.      Emperor Haile Selassie was returned to his Ethiopian throne. He made his triumphal return to Addis Ababa five years to the day after Italian troops had conqured his capital.

1942 Japanese forces landed on the only remaining U.S. outpost in the Philippines, the island of Corregidor. They established a beachhead at Cavalry Point, several miles east of where they were supposed to be put ashore.      Red Army units began assults directed at Kharkov and Kursk.        The U.S. backed up the British action on Madagascar and said American units would use the Island as an airbase if it were felt necessary to do so.      Karl Oberg arrived at Paris to assume the position of " supreme Head of SS and police". A vicious anti-semite, Oberg once dismissed a complaint on the abduction of Jewish orphans in unoccupied France by saying, “A Jew is not a human being”.      Marshal Petain called on the govoner general of Madagascar and all French units on the island to resist the British: I am at the side of the military commander in this tragic trial in which he is defending the honor of France."      Vichy France delivered a protest note to the U.S. on Madagascar, saying Roosevelt would have "to judge what part of the responcibility he has in the consequenceswhich may result from his aggression.      Imperial General Headquarters ordered the Japanese Navy to seize Midway Island and key points in the western Aleutians and to destroy all enemy forces that may oppose the invasion.

1943 Djebel Bou-Aoukaz in Tunisia was recaptured by the British in bitter and deadly fighting. The left flank was now secure for the attack on Tunis.      Krymsk fell to the Russians.

1944 Alexander ordered all Allied units in Italy to break through the Gustav line and take Rome.      Indian leader Gandhi was released from the British custody because of ill health. He had been imprisoned since August 1942.

1945 German representitives arrived at Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), a school building in Reims, to discuss final surrender terms. British airborne troops landed in Copenhagen after street fighting broke out between Danish civilians and Germans. Prague resistance forces battled the Germans inside the city.      All fighting ended in Bavaria with the surrender of the German First and Nineteenth armies. The U.S. Fifth Army from Italy linked up with the U.S. Seventh Army from Germany at the Brenner Pass.      Former French Premiers Daladier, Blum,and Reynaud, Generals Gamelin and Weygand, Reverend Martin Neimoller, and former Austrian Chancellor Schuschnigg were liberated in Austria by U.S. troops.      Hans Frank, governor general of German occupied Poland was taken prisoner by U.S. troops.      U.S. Third Army units occupied Linz in Austria.      Japanese Kamikazes sank 17 U.S. ships off Okinawa in a 24 hr period. A total of 131 Japanese planes were destroyed.      The 26th Indian Division entered Rangoon.      British ships bombarded the airfeilds on Sakishima Islands in the southern Ryukyus.

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Ok, the battle of the Coral Sea.
Two games of global this weekend, Oztea’s 1941 version fun game lots of action seems to favor the Allies in the 3 games so far.

The first naval battle in which the participants never saw the enemy ( carrier aircraft were solely invovled in the attacks ). The Japanese suffered their first setback of the war. Even though the Japanese won the numerical victory, their losses were sufficiant to cancel the planned invasion of Australia through Port Moresby in New Guinea. U.S. Navy losses were the carrier Lexington, the destoyer Sims, and the oilerNeosho. The carrier Yorktown was damaged. U.S. Navy pilots from the carriers Lexington and Yorktown sank the light carrier Shoho, the first Japanese ship larger than a destroyer to be sunk in the war. The Japanese also lost the destoyer Kikuzuki and tree auxiliaries. A squadron leader, Lieutenant Commander Dixon, radioed the sinking of the Shoho with a message which became memorable: “Scratch one flattop. Dixson to carrier. Scratch one flattop!” Each side lost about 30 planes in the battle.

May 7 1940 The Netherlands completed its defense mobilization program.

1941 Stalin assumed the Premiership of the soviet union.      A boarding party from the Royal Navy destoyer Somali found an intact German Naval Enigma coding machine and cipher book when it captured the weather ship Munchin in the North Atlantic. The cryptografic equipment proved useful in breaking the German Naval codes through Ultra intercepts.      Churchill won a vote of confidence, 447-3, two labor members and a communist opposing him.

1942 6th Corregidor surrendered. About 16,000 Filipinos and Americans were captured by the Japanese. On this last day of fighting, 350 defenders were killed.The force had resisted fiercely, but the notion that Corregidor might hold out until large numbers of reinforcements could arrive was widespread. In a letter written just before the surrender, General Wainwright wrote; "As I wright this we are subjected to terrific air and artillery bombardment and it is unreasonable to expect that we can hold out for long. We have done our best, both here and on Bataan, and although beaten we are still unashamed. " Actually the dogged resistance did have an impact on the Pacific war. One Jpanese division (the 4th) was so badly mauled in fighting for control of the Isand that its remnants were returned home. That division had been earmarked for the fighting in New Guinea and the Solomans. Othe forces invoved  in cleanning up the Philippines, mighjt also have been freed for crucial battles ahead, including Guadalcannal.      Chinese troops in Burma recaptured Maymyo.      U.S. forces began arriving in Liberia.

1943 Tunis and Bizerte were occupied by Alied forces. The main body of Axis forces under Arnim retreated into the Cape Bon peninsula, about 41,000 Germanswere captured at Bizerte alone.

1944Russian forces launched their decisive attack on Sevastopol.

1945 The German High Command surrendered unconditionally. General Jodl signed the instrument of surrender at SHAEF headquarters. The fighting was to end at 11:01 p.m. on May 9th. Associated Press correspondent Edward Kennedy scooped the world by flashing the story, but he was ordered expelled from the European theater for premature release of the news.      Seyss-Inquart was arrested in Hamburg.      Breslau in Silesia fell to the Red Army.      The Vlasov army was rejected by the Czechs. Vlasov fled Praque to reach U.S. lines

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May 8th 1940 Marshal Timoshenko was named Soviet defense commissar.      Also yesterday Roosevelt ordered the U.S. fleet to remain in Hawaiian waters indefinitely.

1941 The first of the German raiders (converted merchantmen) were sunk. Pinguin was caught in the Indian Ocean by the British crusier Cornwall whose 8 inch shells exploded 130 mines being carried by the raider.

1942 German forces in the Crimea launched preparations for their summer offensive. Initial action was directed against Kerch. The ultimate objectives were the oil feilds of the Caucasus.      Japans hope to exploit the capture of the Dutch East Indies oil feilds recieved a jolt when a U.S. submarine sank a trasnsport carrying 900 Japanese supervisors and skilled workers en-route to the production areas. Loss of the men serious affected Japans fuel supplies for a time.      Myitkyina in the north of Burma fell.      The Japanese launched new attacks on Mindanao. Captive General Wainwright called on the remaining defenders to surrender.      The British Foreign Office announced that British commanders in Madagascar had assured French authorities there that the Island would remain French and revert to French sovereignty after the war. These assurances were given “in return for their cooperation and in order to avoid bloodshed”.

1943 The Hungarian parliament was disolved.

1944 Eisenhower designated D-Day, the cross Channel invasion, as June 5. It had originally been set for an unspecified day in May.

1945 The war inEurope was declared ended. Churchill and Truman proclaimed V-E day. All resistance ended in Latvia. The German Sixteenth and Eighteenth armies surrendered along the Leningrag front .      Goring surrendered near Fischhorn in Austria.      Prince Olaf and British representitives accepted the surrender of German troops in Norway.      Rain brought a respite to the fierce fighting on Okinawa.

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YES, THE 1939 CHARTS ARE PRINTED !!! Now just the map

May9 1940 Mussolini made his final decision to bring Italy into the war. It was a personal choise, made without consultation or comment from his staff or advisors.

1941 In a move to conciliate Germany, the Soviet Union withdrew its recognition of Belgium, Norway, and Yugoslavia.      Representitives of Thailand and French-Indo China concluded a peace treaty in Tokyo.      The Royal Navy’s Bulldog and Broadway captured the submarine U-110 in the North Atlantic, the first German underwater craft to fall into Allied hands. Although the U-boat sank the next day, crewmen from the British destoyer and sloop were able to remove the Enigma machine, cipher books, and the rotor settings then in use. It was even more valuable a find than the equipment recovered from Munchen two days earlier. The combonation of thr two captured cryptographic prizes were crucially important in breaking the German U-boat codes and ultimately in winning the battle of the North Atlantic.

1942 Russia launched a major offensive from the Donets bridgehead in an effort to push the Germans back to Kharkov.      The U.S. issued an ultimatum to Admiral Georges Robert, high commissioner in the French West Indies, to yeald military and communications controll to American authorities because the French possessions might become bases for aggression on the part of the Axis. Vichy rejected the demands and protested “this interference by the American government in French internal politics”.

1943 German forces facing threU.S. II Corps in Tunisia surrenderd. Six Generals were among the prisoners.

1944 Soviet forces recaptured Sevastopal after a 24 day seige.      Allied air units commenced a series of intensive raids on Luftwaffe bases in France to neutralize the German air threats on D-day.      Japanese troops captured Lushan in China, completely cutting the Peking-Hankow rail line.

1945 All fighting was officially ended in Europe. The Surrender was radified by a ceremony in Berlin, with Zhukov and Keitel signing the document.      Russian forces under Marshal Konev occupied Prague, the last of the European capitals to be liberated.      Quinsling surrendered to Norwgian police in Oslo. (He was executed by a firing squad Oct. 24th)        The German garrision surrendered  the Channel Islands, the only British home territory occupied by the Germansduring the war. Forty miles from Cherbourg and 80 miles south of the English coast, the nine Islands had been under German control since June 30th 1940

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Sorry I had a long post going, then I lost my internet con., anyway the Low countries fell on this day and a year later Rudolf Hess flew to Scotland. Its to late for me to redo tonite.
Again sorry

[KaLeu]

Oh, that’s too bad. Sorry for all your work.

Anyway, I’ll fill the gap for a bit, because May 10 was an important day in the war, especially in 1940. The Low Countries didn’t fall yet - that took a little bit longer.

May 10, 1940, was the start of Fall Gelb, Germany’s major offensive in the West. German forces invaded the Netherlands and conquered large parts of the east of that country on the first day of the invasion. An airborne operation to capture the city of The Hague with the queen and the government was repulsed, however. In the east of Belgium, the German paratroopers were more successful and captured the important fortress of Eben-Emael. French forces started their drive north to confront the Germans.

May 10, 1941, was indeed the day of Hess’ landing in Scotland and his arrest there. There was also a major German air raid on London, in what turned out to be the final day of the “London Blitz” - though it was by far not the last attack on London.

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Thanks Herr Kaleun, I dont use the mouse its a pad that you move your finger across and sometimes I press more and drag less and before I know it, it’s all gone. There was too much to do all over again.

1940 German troops advanced rapidly into the Low Countries, easly reaching one of their key initial objectives-the Albert Canal. Belgian units had failed to domolish many important bridges in their hurried retreat, facilitating the german armor and infantry advance. Fort Eben Emael fell. It was one of the supposedly solid outer defence points to protect Liege.        British and French troops landed at Aruba and Curacao, in the Dutch West Indies. The occupation was descibed as an effort “to prevent possible German attempts at sabotage in the important oil refineries of these islands”.        Japan demanded the maintenance of the political and economic status quo in the Dutch East Indies.        10th-11th Britian launched the first of its strategic bombing raids on Germany. Eight Whitly bombers attacked communication targets in the areas of Geldern, Goch, Aldekerk, Rees, and Wesel in an effort to impead German troop and supply movements.

1941 10th-11th German bombers directed their heaviest and deadlyest raid of the war on London. Casualties were 1,436 killed and 1,792 injured. Among the historic buildings hit in the raid were West minster Abbey, the House of Commons, and the British Museum. It was the last raid on london for 10 weeks       
11th Former president Hoover said only by staying out of the war could the U.S. aid Britian. He thought “America ia as yet unprepared even for adequate defense; that our people are not united.” Hoover predicted an invasion of Europe would require 5 million soldiers.

1942 A German U-boat penetrated the St.Lawernce River in Canada and torpedoed a trasport.      U.S. submarine S-42 torpedoed and sank the 4,400-ton Japanese mine layer Okinoshima in the Soloman Islands.      In retaliation for the Doolittle raid, the Japanese launched an offensive in China’s Chekiang province.      German troops went back on the attack in the Crimea, recapturing Feodosiya.      German planes sank three British destroyers attempting to disrupt a North Africa bound convoy in the Mediterranean.

1943 The bU.S. 7th Division landed on the Aleutian island of Attu, achiving total tactical surprise. Dense fog aided in the landings.    Churchill arrived in Washington for meetings with Roosevelt and their resective military staffs.

1944 A major offensive was launched by Allied forces in Italy. The U.S. Fifth and British Eighth armies planned to break through the Gustav Line. Operations began after dark with heavy air and artillary bombardment preceeding a frontal ground assult.

1945 An attack by two Corps of the U.S. Tenth Army was launched on Okinawa. Some elements advanced to positions commanding the Islands capital of Naha. Japanese aircraft staged heavy attacks on U.S. ships in the area, damaging the carrier Bunker Hill and two destroyers.      Wewak on New Guinea was occupied by the 6th Australian Division.      German forces on the Aegean Islands surrendered. Soviet troops began mopping-up operations in Austria and Czechoslovakia.

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May 12th 1940 Gerneral Heinz Guderian’s XIX Panzer Corps reached the Meuse River.
  13th Churchill declared in the House of Commons that britian would prosecute the war at all costs, for without victory there is no survival. but he added I have nothing to offer but blood toil tears and sweat.        German paratroopers landed in Northeast France. Liege fell. The 7th Panzer division under General Erwin Rommel crossed the Meuse River at Huy, driving a wedge into the thinly held front of the french Ninth Army. General Heorge-Hans Reinhardt’s XLI Panzer Corps crossed the Meuse at Montherme against feeble Ninth Army resistance. Gunderian’s XIX Panzer Corps established bridgeheads south of the Meuse at Sedan, overpowering the French 55th and 71st divisions, which fell back in panic. Many French Rightists assumed the Paris-based troops of the two routed divisions were mostly communists adhering to the anti-war party line, an erroneous conclusion but one which reflected the growing atmosphere of recrimination.        Dutch fortifications were out flanked by the rapidly advancing Germans. Tanks reached the Meuse River between Dinant and Sedan.

1941 12th Japan proposed a general settlement of all its disputes with the U.S. Ambassador Nomura said the proposals would lead to a “just peace in the Pacific”.        Darlan met with Hitler at Berchtesgaden to discuss expanded cooperation between Vichy France and Germany in ecomic and military matters.Hitler sought the use of French bases in North Africa and Syria.        In a further move to placate Germany, Moscow recognized the Pro-Nazi government in Iraq.        German aircraft began operating out of Iraqi and Syrian bases.      A British convoy reached Alexandria with 238 desperatly needed tanks for  the Western Desert Forces.
  13th Australian Prime Minister Robert G. Menzies said U.S. involvment in the war was essential, “for parliamentary liberty and the ordered rights of self-government are our joint and several heritage”.      The U.S. War Department said Labor strikes were seriously delaying military procurement. Firms with Army orders had lost 1.7 million mandays of production since the first of the year because of shutdowns.      Martin Bormannwas named German Nazi party Chancellor, succeeding Hess…

1942 12th The first major contingent of the U.S. Eighth Air Force arrived in England.      German forces renewed their offensive in the eastern Crimea.
  13th Admiral Robert agreed to the immobilization of french ships in ports under his jurisdiction in the West Indies ports.

1943 12th General Jurgen von Arnim surrendered all Axis forces in North Africa. A total of 238,243 German and Italian prisoners were taken. Africa was now cleared of Axis troops. For Montgomery and the British Eighth Army it was a grueling 1,500 miles from El Alamein to Tunis. A final message was sent by General Gustav Fehn, last commander of the Afrika Korps; “Ammunition exhausted. Equipment destroyed. In accordance with orders recieved, the Afrika Korps has fought to the last man. The Afrika Korps must be reborn.      Heia Safari.”      The first Arakan campaign in Burma ended in failure. Maungdaw was evacuated, and the Allied force was back where it started.        Franco of Spain offered to mediate a peace between Germany and the U.S. and Britian if the Allies severed their ties with the Soviet Union.
  13th British Deputy Prime Minister Clement Attlee formally announced the end of the campaign in North Africa.        The Island of Pantelleria in the Strait of Sicily came under Allied naval and air attack. Allied strategy was to bomb it into submission, then attack Sicily.      Japans powerful lord keeper of the privy seal, Marquis Koichi Kido, confided to the forign minister, Mamoru Shigemitsu, that the war could be ended only by the royal family’s assistabce in bringing the military under control. Shigemitsu had joined the Tojo cabinet in an effort to conclude a peace in China honerable to the Chinese and to avert what was increasingly perceived as a disastrous military outlook in the war against the U.S. Kido, Sigemitsu, and other Japanese leaders, however, could never overcome the destructive momentum of the military’s actions until it was too late. The Emperor was by no means the ultimate decision-maker.

1944 Allied forces in Italy advanced on a broad front, crossing the Rapido River. German resistance was fiercde.        The last of the German troops in the Crimea were evacuated.      Japanese forces gained full control of the Peking-Hankow railroad in China.      In a joint statement, the U.S., Britian and the Soviet Union called upon the Axis satellites of Hungary, Rumania, and Bulgaria to withdraw from the war of face the consequences of rigorous peace terms.      French Admiral Edmond Derrien was given a life sentance after having been found guilty of collaborationist activity by a French court in Algiers.      More than 800 U.S. bombers, with American and R.A.F. fighter escorts, attacked synthetic oil plants in Germany, knocking several out of production temporarily. Luftwaffelosses were heavy, nearly 200 planes were downed, while the Allies lost 46 bombers and 10 fighters.
  13th French colonial troops captured three key positions in the Abruzzi Mountains and smashed through the Gustav Line. The dramatic breakthrough opened the way for the Allies to move northward. German losses were heavy. More than 1,000 Germans were captured.        One of the few Japanese submarines to operate in the Western hemisphere, the Ro-501, was sunk in the mid Atlantic by an American escort destroyer.

1945 12th German troops on Crete surrendered.      The German Baltic Army laid down its arms.      SS General “Sep” Dietrich was captured.      Tito’s Partisan army claimed the destruction of six German divisions.
  13th Most German resistance ended in Czechoslovakia. Red Army troops concluded all offensive operations.        The Balete Pass on Luzon was cleared by U.S. Army units opening up the Cagayan valley.

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May 14 1940 The government of the Netherlands fled to Britian, saying it wanted to prevent ever being placed in such a position that it would have to capitulate. All Dutch resistance in the Netherlands ceased. The commander of the Dutch forces, General Henri Winkelman, surrendered, saying it was necessary “to prevent annihilation.” German Stuka bombers attacked Rotterdam in a brutal raid, the most devastating until then, killing 980 people and destroying 20,000 buildings.      The greatest losses ever suffered by the R.A.F. until then occured when 45 battles and Blenheims out of a force of 109 planes were shot down while attacking German troops concentrations in the Sedan bridgehead.          Roosevelt again wrote to Mussolini , saying “Reports reaching me from many sorces, to the effect that you may br contemplating  early entry into the war, have given me great concern.”  Roosevelt said a further outbreak of war could lead to the “destuction of millions of lives and the best of what we call liberty and culture of civilization.”      French attempts to counterattack near Sedan broke down in confusion. Guderian"s tanks smashed through the  French defenses  and wheeled  to the west in anm effort  to isolate  the Allied forces in Belgium.

1941  Germany declared the Northern part of the Red Sea a combat zone.      A German deligation arrived  in Baghdad to arrange for a formal request from the Rashid Ali government for German troop intervention in Iraq… The situation in Baghdad was raf from stable, however, and the forthcoming invasion of Crete with its large manpower commitment precluded any Immediate direct involvment in Iraq.      R.A.F. aircraft attacked Palmyra and other airfields  in Syria which were being used by the Germans  to attack British troops in Jordan and Iraq. This was the British action  against Vichy controlled Syria.    More troop reinforcements  landed at Singapore.        The Gestapo arrested 3,600 Jews in Paris.

1942 An area  off St Johns, Newfoundland, was mined by a German submarine, The mines were not discovered  untill late the following year.      The U.S. Womans Army Auxilliary Corps (WAAC) was established by the legislation. “Auxilliary” was dropped in 1943 and it became WAC, as an integral part of the Army.        The French high commissioner for Martinique and Guadeloupe agreed to immobilize  three French war ships, accommodating the U.S. which did not want them to end up in German hands and conforming to Vichy’s obligations under the armistice not to turn them over to the U.S.

1943 Pantelleria was blockaded.      A Japanese submarinew torpedoed the Australian hospital ship the Centuar

1944 german opposition was stiff in Italy, but the Allies continued their northward advance. The Rapido bridgehead was strenthened and expanded.

1945 An Austrian republic was reestablishedin Vienna.

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May 15th 1940 In a disastrous climax to a futile three days of combat, the R.A.F. lost more of its French dased bombers, bringing the total to 100. Half of the force was lost in 72 hours.      German U-Boats resumed patrolling the western approaches to the North Atlantic after a three month diversion caused by thr Norwegian campaign.      Churchill wrote his first message to Roosevelt as Prime Minister in continuation of their “intimate private correspondence” which had started when Churchill became first sea lord eight months earlier. Churchill outlined his "immediate needs from the U.S., a loan of up to 50 older destroyers, several hundred late model aircraft, antiaircraft guns and ammunition, steel, a prolonged visit to Irish ports by U.S.Navy ships, and Americans use of Singapore, in any way convenient to keep the Japanese quite in the Pacific…

1941 In a broadcast to the people of France, Roosevelt criticized the Vichy government for its collaborationist policies toward Germany: “The people of the United States can hardly believe that the presnt government of France could be brought to lend itself to a plan of voluntary alliance, implied or otherwise, which would apparently deliver up France and it’s colonial empire, including French African colonies and their Atlantic coasts, with the menance which that involves to the peace and safety of the Western Hemisphere.” Petain, at almost the same time, was announcing a policy of closer collaboration with Germany in Europe and Africa.      Roosevelt ordered American guards aboard eleven French ships, including the luxury passenger liner Normandie, which were in U.S. ports, placing them under U.S. jurisdiction.      British Commonwealth armor and infantry counterattacked from Egypt, retaking the Halfaya Pass. (The British force was now reduced to about 25,000 men, Britons, Australian, Indians and South Africans. A major offensive could not be sustained, and the Allies soon withdrew.      Crete came under heavy German aerial attack.

1942 Japan completed the conquest of Burma as remaining British forces crossed into India and the Chinese were pushed back into their own territory along the Burma road.      German forces under Manstein retook Kerch, eliminating the Russians from the Crimea, except for Sevastopol in the southwest corner of the peninsula. The Russian Crimean front suffered 176,000 casualties and most of its armor in the disasterous action. Stalin’s reaction was “You see, that’s where going on the defensive gets you”

1943 the bey of Tunis was ousted.

1944the Ausonia defile was cleared in Italy, and other key points on the Gustav Line to the Allies, led by French Moroccan troops.      British and Indian units finally broke the japanese defenses at Kohima. Other Allied forces reached a point 15 miles from Myitkyina in Burma.      The first groups of 380,000 Hungarian Jews were deported to concentration camps, mostly Auschwitz. (A totalof 250,000 of them to be gassed)

1945 U.S. Eighth Army forces launched new attacks on Mindanao and Negros in the Philippines.      British ships and planes attacked Japanese positions on the Andaman Islands.      Naha, on Okinawa, was captured.      recalcitrant German units in eastern Germany and northern Czechoslovakia ended all resistance.

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1939 Finland< Norway, and Sweden spurned nonaggression treaties with Germany, stating none felt threatened by Germany nor did any intend to join alliances directed against the Germans.        Denmark, Estonia, and Latvia accepted Berlin’s offer of nonaggression treaties.

1940 The U.S. navy was ordered to recommission 35 destroyers.

1942 The Russian drive toward Kharkov was halted and the Germans began a slow and costly effort which eventually pushed the front eastward 25 miles

1943 16th-17th R.A.F. Lancaster bombers breached the Eder and Mohne dams in the Ruhr. They were two of Germany’s largest dams and strategically important as suppliers of power for munitions plants.
The Attu campaign which had progressed to slowly for the Americans despite a powerful numerical superiority in troops sudenly turned when the Japanese unexpectedly withdrew to Chichagof Harbor for a final stand.
17th For the first time since Italy entered the war , an Allied convoy passed through the Stait of Gibraltar and steamed across the lenth of the Mediterranean without meeting any Axis opposition. Possession of the North African littoral pemitted safe and free passage for the movement of troops and supplies.

1944 Kesselring ordered German troops out of the Casssino area. Allied troops were already attacking  the  next German defense positions, the Hitler line. The British Eighth Army began a grneral offensive on the flank.      Myitkyina’s airport was taken in a surprise attack by U.S. Marauders.      Street fighting broke out in Loyang, China, between Chinese and Japanese forces.      U.S. and British planes attacked Surabaja, Java, and sank 10 Japanese ships.

1945 Five British destroyers sank the Japanese heavy crusier Haguro in the Malacca Strait. it was the last surface Naval battle of the war.    Dutch troops landed on Tarakan Island, reinforcing the Australians who had encountered stiff opposition from the Japanese defenders.

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sorry, the nice weather and gardening, estate paperwork, and an online game of triple A.
May 18th 1940 German forces in Belguim broke through to the coast, capturing Antwerp. In France they reached Amiens. a fifty mile wide gap in the French line was quickly flooded with the advancing Germans who moved 45,000 vehicles in columns  at the rate of 30 miles a day. Cambrai and St. Quentin were captured.        Mussolini abadoned all public pretense of staying out of the war: “Italy is and intends to  remain allied with Germany and  Italy cannot remain absent at a molment in which the fate of Europe is at stake”.        Hitler decreed the reincorporation of Eupen, Malmedy, and Moresnet into the German state.        Marshal Henri Philippe Petain was named vice-premier of France.
19th The French Fourth Armored Division under General Charles de Gaulle launched a counteroffensive against the Germans at Laon but was repulsed.
20th General Paul von Kleist’s panzers reached the English Channel west of Abbeville in France, cutting off the Allied forces to the north
21st Rommel’s 7th Division halted a counterthrust by the British Expeditionary Force south of Arras designed to isolate Gunderlian’s Panzer Corps to the west. The Allies were now forced to retreat westward to the Lys River. No further major offensive action was initiated by Allied forces.

1941 18th Italy took the dalmatian coast and the former Yugoslav Adriatic Islands. Rome also effectively annexed Croatia and placed the territory under the “protection” of the Italian throne. The Duke of Spoleto, a nephew to the king of Italy, was proclaimed Monarch as king Tomislav I…          The German warships Bizmarl and Prinz Eugen left the Baltic port of Gdynia.      Vichy France declared it would resist any British moves in Syria
19th One Hundered Thousand French P.O.W.'s were released by the Germans. French costs for maintaining the German army of occupation were reduced to 240 million francs per day. The gestures were Germany’s response to increased collaboration by Vichy France.              Because of heavy losses of their aircraft on Crete by Luftwaffe raids, the British decided to withdraw their few outnumbered planes from the island. The airfields themselves, however, were not rendered inoperable.
20th Germany invaded Crete. Thje most spectacular air assult of the war was launched at dawn as 22,750 German Paratroopers and Glider borne units landed along the northwestern coast of the island. It was the first time in history an entire invasion force was moved by air. To defend the Island, which was stategicly important to the Allies and the Axis. The British had committed 28,000 troops augmented by two weak Greek divisions of 14,500 men.Crete is 335 miles from Alexandria, 450 miles from the Seuz Canal. The Germans suffered heavy casualties  during the first  days of fighting. Part of the presure was relieved  after the second wave landed much later in the day to the east around Heraklion and Remito. Within ten days the Germans had the island, but they suffered 6,000 dead . German aircraft losses totaled 250. Allied casualties were great to . Only 15,000 Allied solders were evacuated. Three times the number were left behind, dead or to be captured. Crete, in terms of impact led the German command to conclude that the airborne operations were not worth the cost, and no further such assults were attempted. Hitler  two months after the invasion, said,“The day of the Parachutist is over”. Britian’s problems after Crete were immediate. In addition to the losses in manpower, yhe R.A.F. had lost 46 aircraft, and the Royal Navyhad one aircraft carrier, three crusiers and six destroyers sunk, making Britian’s position in the Eastern Mediterrianean precarious.      Soviet spy Richard Sorge in Tokyo advised Moscow that Germany was preparing to invade Russia with a force of between 170 and 190 divisions,which was being massed in Poland. Sorge anticipated the invasion would take place on June 20th, missing the actual date by 2 days.        Germany completed its positioning of forces for the invasion of Russia, massing 120 divisions along the Soviet border.
20th-21st Twenty five small vessals transporting German troops to Greece  were attacked by an overwhelming force of three crusiers and four destroyers off the Coast od Crete. Most of the transports were sunk, and 2,300German troops killed.      A German submarine torpedoed and sank the American frieghter S.S, Robin Moore in the South Atlantic. The ship was en route to South Africa.      Declaring Paris “anextended zone of operations,” The Germans requested all foreign diplomats leave the city by June 10th.      German forces captured the Maleme airfield on crete. A British counterattack failed.

1942 19th German troops completed the capture of the Kerch Peninsula in the Crimea, taking 100,000 Russian prisoners
20th Having intercepted Japanese coded messages and knowing Tokyo’s plan to attack midway and the Aleutians, U.S. forces were ordered deployed to meet the threats, concentrating on Midway and not the diversion to the north.        21st  Hitler called off planes to invade Malta. He decided to wait untill Egypt fell to the Axis.

1943 18th Japanese forces opened a new offensive across the Yangzee River in China. Its ultimate objective was the Chinese capital of Chungking.      The air bombardment od Pantelleria was intensified as the Allies concentrated on two airfields on the Island. Heavy raids continued through June 5th.
19th Churchill addressed a joint meeting of the U.S. House and Senate.      Pantelleria was again subject to heavy bombing.
12st The neutralized French fleet in Alexandria elected to join the Allied war effort.

1944 18th Monte Cassino fell to the Allies. At 9:30 am  Poles of the 3rd Carpathian Division  raised their regimental flag over Monte Cassino, ending the bitter four month strugglr for the Benedictine monastary. The improvised Polish flag was hastily sewn, with pieces of it coming from a Red Cross flag and soldiers handkerchiefs. Menfrom 15 nations participated in the battle. About 20,000 were killed. Another 100,000 were wounded.      The campaign in the Admiralty Islands ended. U.S. losses were 326, while, 3,280 Japanese were killed.      An attempt to seize Myitkyina was turned back by the Japanese, but the rail station fell to Chinese forces.
19th It was publicly revealed that 47 R.A.F. officers had been executed by the Germans when  they were recaptured after escaping from a P.O.W. camp.        British Eighth Army troops failed to breach the Hitler line at Pontecorvo and Aquino. Gaeta was abandoned by the Germans who retreated north of the Liri River.      The Japanese at Myitkyina were partially surrounded.      U.S. forces landed on Wakde Island off the coast of New Giunea.
20th Allied troops occupied the Gaeta peninsula in Italy.      Japanese held Marcus Island was attacked by U.S. Naval aircraft.      Insoemoar Island off New Guinea was secured by U.S. forces, who suffered 43 losses to 759 Japanese killed.
21st Allied fighters launched operational stikes against Axis rail transport in France and Germany.      Wakde Island was secured by U.S. forces, giving the Allied air force a base to cover landing units in the projected invasion of Mindanao in the Philippines.

1945 18th Sugarloaf was taken by U.S. marines. In 10 days of intense fighting for the hill, the 6th Division suffered 2,662 casulalties. A further indication of the leval of combat was that 1,289 Marines were victems of combat fatigue.      Chinese troops reoccupied the port of foochow in Fukien Province.
19th The U.S. 77th Division suffered heavy casualties for the Ishimmi ridge on Okinawa and had to be withdrawn.      The arrival of French troops touched off demonstrations in Syria and Lebanon.      Stalin denied the Polish leaders in Moscow were arrested for political reasons.      Ipo on Mindanao was cleared by the U.S. 45th Division.
20th Japanese troops began pulling outr of Kwangsi Province in China to return to Japan  for defense of the home Islands
21st Himmler was arrested in Bremervorde by a British patrol.      Japanese units at Shuri on Okinawa began withdrawing.      The Japanese supply base at Malaybalay in Mindanao was capture by U.S. 31st Division units.

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Surprisingly, some German forces in Europe were still fighting until May 20th, 1945. They were involved in the so-called “Georgian uprising” which (equally surprising) happened on the isle of Texel in the Netherlands. The Georgians in question were captured Red Army soldiers who had accepted a German offer to form a battallion that was to serve on the Atlantic Wall, and had been stationed on Texel. They had risen against the Germans in early April, and the fighting continued even after Germany’s general surrender. It was only on May 20th that Canadian troops finally intervened.

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Thanks again Herr Kaleun,
1941 May 22 Britian warned the Petain government of the consequences of collaborationism: "If the Vichy government , in pursuance of their declared policy of collaboration with the enemy, take action or permit action detrimental to our conduct of the war . . . we shall no longer feel bound to draw any distinction between occupied land and unoccupied territory in the execution of our military plans.        Soviet Deputy Military Attache Khlopov in Berlin, advised Moscow that "The attack of the German Army is reportedly scheduled for june 15, but it is possible that it may begin in the first days of June.        Roosevelt ordered the U.S. Military to make plans for the immidiate occupation of the Azores to forstall german seizure of the Portuguese islands.      The British Navy suffered heavy losses in action around Crete. Two crusiers, Gloucester and Fiji were sunk, and the battleships Warspite and Valiant were damaged.

1945 Heavy rains began pounding Okinawa, hampering operations for almost two weeks.        U.S. 24th Division forces reached Tambongan on Mindanao.