I wrote this little article for a friend to sum up the progression of events. I’m taking the liberty of posting it here in an elaborate illusitrative answer to your questions:
In January 1938, Japan declared war against the British Commonwealth and France. It stated the buildup of fortifications and industrial complexes in Culcutta where a threat to its national interests and its sovereignty in Southeast Asia.
It was a threadbare cause. But nonetheless, this is how the war began.
In fact, it was the Italian State and its interests in Africa that brought about the
War.
In January 1936, the charismatic Italian dictator Daniel Poliziotto struck a plan with the Japanese empire, who would smash into India, Australia and New Zealand, and use its fleet into pushing the outnumbered Allied Pacific Fleet into the Mediterranean and allow the Italian Fleet anchored in Somaliland harbors to dominate the African coastline and capture Cairo and South Africa.
World opinion at the time felt that in its desire for expansion and resources, Japan would invade China, and the Chinese Nationalist Government began preparing for this inevitability.
But in fact, Japan began to repositioned themselves into the waters of Formosa and waited.
In January 1936; the Japanese Soviet Non-Aggression Pact was signed, it could not be broken unless sanctions are paid. 5IPP. Japan had gained peace on its northern border.
Peace does not reign everywhere in the world; Communist China, at war with Nationalist China, builds forces and attacks Chinese Warlords in Tai-Yuan.
Spain is in Civil War, with the Republicans achieving an upper hand by blocking all lend lease access to Nationalist Ports and achieving military supremacy.
It was in July 1937 that Prime Minister Benjamin of England watched developments across the globe and realized that the Japanese where planning an attack against India, and began preparing. Fortifications began to be build and infantry mobilized in India. Allied Pacific Fleet weighed anchor and sailed away from Japanese reach towards Cairo.
Then, in January 1938, the Japanese struck. It was a lighting strike, too soon for England, and Culcutta Fell, the Japanese suffered minimal casualties. The Far East Command crumbled.
In response the Commonwealth Pacific Navy joined the British Mediterranean Fleet, the British Atlantic Fleet hastened to join them off the coast of Egypt.
In July 1938, Australian Queensland was invaded by the Japanese while in Africa; Italy began its push into British Africa, and the Japanese moved to block the Allied Fleet in Red Sea, joining the Italian fleet off the coast of Somaliland.
The Comintern declared war on Finland and marched into its northern wastelands. Finlands requests for military lend-lease are ignored by Fascist Germany.
Germany declares war against the British and French, followed by Italy shortly after.
January 1939, Sydney fell to the Japanese. The rest of India’s provinces where captured. Aden and and Italian Somaliland saw Japanese Marines land.
The British Pacific Fleet, British Mediterranean Fleet, the British Atlantic Fleet and the Canadian Navy formed in the Red Sea, presenting a formidable force equal to the combined Italian and Japanese fleets blocking them in the Red Sea.