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Are planes allowed to attack alone and independently, …
Yes, as long as every plane has a valid landing spot.
Lets say the US is going to invade an empty Korea with 4 infantry with a fleet of 2 transports, 1 battleship while being protected by 2 fighters and 1 tactical bomber from a possible scramble from mainland Japan. The Japan player of course scrambles 2 fighters and 2 tactical bombers. Lets say the US player assumes Japan will scramble ahead of time, can he move 2 US bombers to that seazone where his fleet is to “be ready to attack” the oncoming scramble?
Yes. Any time there is a potential for defensive movement, the attacker may bring additional units to protect the attack force.
Thanks for the clarification, my friend was trying to argue that we couldn’t bring bombers into the sea zone just in case he wanted to scramble.