@burmaboi The rules consistently use the term “into” when referencing the ending space of a unit’s move and “through” when referencing spaces passed through along the way. So, an air unit must conduct combat if it moves “into” an enemy-occupied space, but not “through” one (other than being fired upon by AA guns). Also, on page 14, the rules mention AA guns in “flown over” territories, which indicates that enemy-occupied territories may be moved through, and the Official Rules Clarifications make the same reference on page 2 in point 6 regarding AA guns.
Supporting units
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I think the 1 defense on the bombers represents the machine gun cockpits on the bombers themselves. Not fighter protection.
A&A is not base awhole lot on combat realism.
A attacking bomber on a defending fighter, they both have an hit value of 4.
I have a hard time picturing this in real life, but thats not a big concern because its just a game.